These observations suggest that the formulation of the bivalent prostate cancer vaccine (Ad<sub>5</sub>-PSA+PSCA) with surgifoam bypasses the neutralizing antibody response, thus allowing multiple boosting.
These observations emphasize and extend the potential of the human HSP70 gene as adjuvant for DNA vaccines, and the vaccine based on PSCA and HSP70 is of potential value for treating prostate cancer.
There is moderate to strong PSCA expression in 111 of 126 (88%) prostate cancer specimens examined by in situ analysis, including high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and androgen-dependent and androgen-independent tumors.
The association of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) mRNA expression and subsequent prostate cancer risk in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia following transurethral resection of the prostate.
The prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA, named for its strong sequence homology to the thymocyte marker stem cell antigen 2) is a cell surface molecule associated with human and murine prostate cancer.
Recent studies suggest that loss of AR responsiveness to the PSCA promoter may result in the induction of an androgen-independent mechanism, that is, the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 signalling pathway-a key event in the development of hormone-independent prostate cancer-and this may increase the metastatic potential.
Recent data showed that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) mRNA expression in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)-resected tissues predicted the subsequent prostate cancer after TURP in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with both PSA < 4.0 ng/ml and normal DRE findings.
Messenger RNA and protein expression levels for integrin α(ν) β(3), neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) were measured in LNCaP, C4-2, and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines and in murine xenografts using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry.
Men with the rs1045531 AC genotype of prostate stem cell antigen were at higher risk of prostate cancer in Chinese patients undergoing prostate biopsy.
Mean PSCA staining intensity was significantly higher in prostate cancer bone metastases compared with lymph node metastases (2.0 +/- 0.02 versus 0.83 +/- 0.31, P = 0.014).
In vivo <i>s</i>pecificity for PSCA-expressing tumor cells and biodistribution of the dual-modality tracer were evaluated in a prostate cancer xenograft model and compared with single-labeled <sup>124</sup>I-A2cDb.
In this report, we define immunogenic peptides of PSCA which are recognized by circulating CD8(+) T cells from prostate cancer patients and able to activate CTLs in vitro.
In subsequent cytotoxicity experiments in which the luciferase marker gene was replaced with the HSV-TK gene, the lentiviral vector harboring the PSCA promoter induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cell lines while demonstrating a minimal effect on non-prostate cells.
In contrast to the previously reported overexpression of PSCA in progressive and invasive forms of prostate cancer, we found a markedly reduced expression in undifferentiated bladder carcinoma.
In addition to prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen and human kallikrein-2, the recently identified prostate stem cell antigen may also provide us with a new tool for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.